Modelagem hidrológica e hidráulica e avaliação de cenários de amortecimento de cheias com a implantação de microrreservatórios em lotes no bairro da Tijuca, RJ

Abstract

The accelerated urbanization process, combined with the increasing soil waterproofing intensifies the hydrological cycle impacts and, consequently, the flood's frequency and intensity. Currently, to reduce these impacts, several project alternatives have been presented as unconventional urban drainage measures. This work aims to evaluate specific criteria for the urban drainage micro basins selection which presents greater feasibility for the implementation of the micro reservoir in the lot. The methodology consists of the analysis of different areas in Grande Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, a region historically affected by urban floods. Subsequently, drainage micro basins with greater potential for the implantation of micro reservoirs were selected and ranked, based on criteria that include: (1) existence of waterproofed areas equal to or greater than 80%, especially roof top; (2) reduced operational flow capacity of existing local micro drainage systems; (3) absence of external basins and/or backwater of the receiving body and (4) potential for local use of stored water. A hydraulic and hydrological mathematical modeling of the existing network was also carried out using EPA's SWMM software, verifying the existing drainage networks operating conditions and identifying the storage requirement by micro-reservoirs acting in a complementary way to the conventional system (pipelines). According to the established criteria and the modeling carried out, the areas with greater waterproofing and roofs amounts, enhance the surveying and choosing of roof areas feasibility as well as, the feasibility of flood dampening through the micro reservoir’s implementation and the positive impact on the existing drainage network.