Estresse psicossocial e qualidade de vida em trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital militar: modelo desequilíbrio esforço- recompensa

Abstract

The present study has as theme “psychosocial stress in nursing workers of a military hospital and its relationship with the quality of life”. The investigative interest on the subject is due to my professional career and studies on the risks and psychosocial stress in nursing workers due to the peculiarities of the organization of hospital work and its requirements. Objectives: to characterize psychosocial stress in nursing work in a military hospital through the effort-reward imbalance model; to verify the association between psychosocial stress at work and sample characteristics and to evaluate the quality of life of these workers from WHOQOL-bref (WHO, 1996) and the association with psychosocial stress. Method: a quantitative cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study whose sample consisted of 151 nursing workers from a military hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. After approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee, the participation was formalized by signing the Informed Consent Form. In data collection three instruments were used: characterization of participants; Effort-reward Imbalance Model (Siegrist, 1996); and in the quality of life assessment the WHOQOL-bref (WHO, 1994), composed of 26 items. Results: The sample consisted mainly of females, married, aged between 26 and 44 years old, average level of education / graduation and family income above 6 minimum wages, shift work and workload over 32 hours. The psychosocial stress of the sample was characterized as low / medium ERI (64.9%) and high (35.1%). Exposure to ERI was associated (p <0.005) with the characteristics of the sample: professional category, education, workload, multiple links. Regarding overall QOL there was a good average and overall satisfaction with health. Regarding the QOL domains, the following associations were identified: physical domain - age group 26 to 44 years and working on duty; psychological and social domains: male gender. There was no association between ERI and the social relations domain. Conclusion: the results confirm the relevance of measures and / or strategies aimed at the prevention, minimization and management of stressors in the workplace and the promotion of quality of life by the organization and the worker himself in order to promote health and well being. being in the group.