Avaliação e automatização de método de alocação de trechos de amostragem para monitoramento ambiental de bacias hidrográficas

Abstract

According to the National Water Agency (ANA), the monitoring networks aim to develop actions that allow the improvement and expansion of water quality monitoring, allowing information to be available to the entire population. Currently, it is a challenge to create sampling networks in a reliable and technically based way, so the sampling point allocation methods can serve as a guideline for the creation of interconnected monitoring networks, increasing the recognition of potentials and weaknesses, as well as preparing management for extreme events of excess or scarcity. That said, a realignment of the way in which these sites are identified is necessary. Point allocation methods are ways of determining sections representative of the basin's reality, using data from the hydrographic network. This is the initial step in the process of creating a monitoring network for any purpose. In addition, and considering that the geopolitical division of Brazil is not related to the basin divisions, the monitoring programs of a hydrographic basin in Brazil often face challenges from different public, intermunicipal or even interstate spheres, and, therefore, monitoring programs in only one of these spheres often do not cover hydrographic basins more broadly and represent only the interests of the network operator, because, to date, the definition of sampling points for monitoring networks is often based on the perception and practical knowledge of professionals working in this activity, without a well-defined technical method. making it difficult to interpret the data as a watershed. Therefore, the proposal of this work is based on helping to create monitoring networks in a hydrographic basin with a more technical and adequate basis for the uses, so that it is worked within a sample more reliable to its characteristics as a water network, and, also, facilitate the means to reach this condition, guaranteeing a more assertive decision-making, based on quality information and consistent with the area. This dissertation aims to: evaluate, through the Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats matrix, the allocation methods of sampling stretches used to create monitoring networks; automate the selected method using the Python tool; apply the automated tool in a pilot area, the Piabanha River Basin. It is worth mentioning that the non-automated calculation of the available points allocation methods requires a greater workload of technicians, making the results more susceptible to human errors. In the water conditions in which the world is, it is necessary to have a safer, more effective, practical and democratic tool for water management to be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the National Water Resources Plan: guaranteeing the quantity, quality for multiple uses, for this and future generations.