Expressão de proteoglicanos e fatores inflamatórios no arco aórtico e tecido peniano de camundongos ApoE (-/-) submetidos à dieta High-Fat

Abstract

Recent studies of public health data in the United States have shown that mortality rates due to coronary heart disease have declined in recent decades. Despite these data, which reflect greater population knowledge about the disease, globally, myocardial infarction is still one of the main causes of death. Three-month-old male mice were divided into four groups of 16 animals each, as follows: C57CL/B6 animals receiving a control diet (C) or high-fat diet (HF); And ApoE receiving a control diet (ApoE) or a high-fat diet (ApoE-HF). In the C57CL / B6 and ApoE animals, when fed a high-fat diet, there was a significant increase in body mass (51.1%, p <0.001 and 39.3%, p <0.001, respectively) compared to the groups that received a normal diet. Thus, in HF animals, there was an increase in the expression of biglycan, lumican, and syndecan-1 compared to group C. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE vs C) deficiency resulted in similar effects on these proteoglycans, and also increased the expression of fibromodulin, biglican, decorin, sindecan and lumican. When comparing ApoE vs ApoE-HF there was a significant increase in decorin and a significant reduction in biglican and sindecan. Regarding growth factors, there was a significant increase in gene expression in groups HF and ApoE compared to group C, PDGFa, PDGFb, TGFβ2, TGFβ3. In relation to TGFβ1 the ApoE group had a significant increase compared to the C group and ApoE-HF. In VEGF expression, the ApoE-HF group had a significant increase compared to the ApoE group. The mRNA expression of the proteoglycans biglycan, decorin, lumican, fibromodulin and sindecan-1 was significantly increased in the APOE group (4x, 4x, 4x, 13x, 3x, respectively, all p <0.001) compared to the C group. APOE-HF group had significant increase in these proteoglycans (21% to 2x, all p < 0.05) compared to APOE group. PDGF-A and B expressions in the APOE group were significantly higher (4x, p<0.001) compared to the control group. TGF-β1 expression was significantly increased in the APOE vs C group (4x, p<0.001) and in APOE-HF vs APOE (64%, p<0.001). In the aorta of ApoE mice (- / -) the gene expression of proteoglycans and growth factors associated with atherosclerosis is replicated in certain parameters in the pathophysiological events that occur in humans. However, there are important differences that must be taken into account when using this type of atherosclerosis model. Regarding vascular proteoglycan metabolism, similarity to humans can be evidenced when animals are fed a lipid-rich diet. In relation to the penis, the conditions that lead to atherosclerosis in ApoE are accompanied by alterations in the metabolism of penile proteoglycans. Although there are some differences in relation to what occurs in human arteries, these changes should also favor vascular disease and its hemodynamic repercussions. The results also show that ApoE, especially under a high-fat diet, is a suitable model to investigate vasculogenic ED and its associations with cardiovascular disease.