Violência contra a mulher indígena e quilombola: uma perspectiva a partir de normativas de municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro e de movimentos sociais do Brasil

Abstract

Violence against women exists in all populations, including ethically different ones. Because of that, indigenous and quilombola women need protection and defense of their own rights, including health and safety. State of Rio de Janeiro has in its territory populations with these skills, some in approved lands, indigenous and titled lands, quilombolas. This paper tries to identify federal legal regulations about violence against indigenous and quilombola women and in the state of Rio de Janeiro just as the action of feminist movements. State and organized civil society elaborate different ways to approach violence against indigenous and quilombola women, the first one by actvities that are materialized into laws and the second ones by recomendations expressed in books, and in both cases making it available for consultation by documents. The research was carried out through na eletronic search of regulations in repositories of federal, state and municipal legislation, among these, only counties that have indigenous in approved lands and quilombolas in titled lands. In addition, a litterature search was carried out through websites to search for scientific articles and documents from organized civil society by electronic means. Thus, 4 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and 5 websites of non-governamental organizations were analyzed. Regulations found on violence against indigenous and quilombola women include ordinances, laws, resolutions, totalling 12 federal, 6 state and 27 municipal. The final text of 6 indigenous conferences and meetings and 7 official policy documents regarding the quilombola population were analyzed. There`s a scarcity of specific documents on violence against indigenous and quilombola women, also noticeable in the literature, perhaps due to the fact that this type of violence against women is made invisible. Ethnically differentiated populations are barely specified in the regulations and materials consulted. However, meetings and conferences reveal how indigenous women understand the phenomenon of violence in their villages, as well as a letter from a collective of quilombola women point to this understanding in a unique way. Only one of the 4 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro with indigenous people living in approved lands and a quilombola population on titled lands strongly expresses a form of action aimed at combating violence against women among these ethnically differentiated populations.