Racismo Religioso: uma outra face do racismo na formação social brasileira

Abstract

This dissertation considers that racism is constitutive of the Brazilian socio-historical formation, noting that in the country there were approximately 388 years of work by enslaved people, Brazil as a nation-state was built under the subalternization of the black, demonstrating the complexity of the colonial project under black bodies. While in the monarchic period the attacks on the terreiros of the communities of religions of African origins were related to the relations of subjection imposed on the blacks by the colonial project, when it became a republic we can verify the continuity of the violence against the black in other guises, because if the black in the post-abolition period, it is no longer interpreted as a commodity, with the end of the monarchy, the current legislation begins to criminalize their faith and cultural practices. Currently we have observed attacks on communities of religions of African origins and persecution of practitioners of this religiosity. In general, they are carried out by groups of drug dealers who identify with a particular evangelical strand, the neo-Pentecostal, in this sense we are interested in interpreting this violence as the result of religious racism, this racism being one of the various faces of structural and structuring racism of Brazilian social formation. Regarding the methodology used, we carried out qualitative research on secondary data sources of bibliographic and documentary design. To provide material and empirical input to our analysis, we carried out research on websites of large circulation newspapers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, namely: Jornal Extra Online, O Dia, O Globo and Folha de São Paulo. The data were collected from these sources considering the following newspaper variables of the report; part of the newspaper where the report was published; reporting date; number of cases contained in the report; places of violence; subjects and institutions involved in the cases; types of violence and referrals. Searches on digital platforms were guided by the following keywords: religious intolerance, attacks on terreiros, violence against religions of African origins, persecution of Candomblé, persecution of Umbanda. We found a universe of 38 reports that address attacks on communities of African-based religions and their adherents in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 2014 to 2021. The time frame is linked to the period of the end of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) governments and the rise of unveiled conservatism present in the speech of the current President of the Republic Jair Messias Bolsonaro. The analysis that concludes is that religious racism is the main motivator of these attacks, which is one of the many faces of racism, which is at the base of Brazilian social formation, which structures and grounds the social relations of the Brazilian State.