Abordagem das temáticas sexo, gênero, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual no ensino de Biologia: quando a análise bibliográfica em genética e evolução se encontra com a prática pedagógica

Abstract

It is commonly believed that the academic environment, as one of the pillars in the production of scientific knowledge, is always in line with what is being presented to students in basic education. However, there is often a large gap between these productions, and it is necessary to fill it with reinforcements that guarantee a better and more correlated didactic mediation. Based on this principle, the present study aims to observe if the concepts of sex, gender, gender identity and sexual orientation are being presented in didactic materials of biology, more precisely with genetic and/or evolutionary bases, how this approach is done, and to elaborate a product in the form of comic books that favors in the introduction, discussion and mediation of the knowledge focused on the theme. The main questions that develop the discussion: How are the Biology textbooks of the National Textbook Program (PNLD) 2018 addressing the issues of sex, gender, gender identity and sexual orientation? How are the most current academic knowledge being produced, directed, and rethought for the basic education audience? And, also quite relevant, do all these actors and discourses favor social segregation, or do they stimulate respect for the other's personal identity? Knowing that the generating themes are of extreme importance for several psychosocial and cultural discussions, the present work aims to observe the most recent academic publications on the theme, and draw a parallel of knowledge with the textbooks, observing, mainly, didactic mediation in the areas of Genetics and Evolution. The analysis of the textbooks indicated the perspectives of differences between their approaches, mainly in the way the themes sex, gender, sexual orientation and gender identity are presented. At times, themes are presented superficially; in others, the concepts are shown in greater depth, favoring the debate about them. The search for academic productions has shown that there is still a big divergence of information about the biological bases that explain such factors, besides much discussion about the results obtained. The developed product, titled Falando “daquilo”, sought to contribute to fill these found gaps by updating and restaigning these themes with a deeper look at the areas of Genetics and Evolution, but also with a view towards respect for sexual diversity through discussions in the social context