Associação entre vitamina D e saúde metabólica de indivíduos adultos: Estudo Pró-Saúde

Abstract

This study investigated the association between serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and the metabolic health of adult subjects. This is a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort called Pró-Saúde Study (EPS). In parallel with the 4th study wave (2012-2013), 520 subjects were randomly invited to perform additional data collection. A total of 511 aged 33-79 years were included in the present study. Data collection included: total body mass and stature [for body mass index (BMI) calculation], blood pressure, biochemical indexes (triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions, leptin, adiponectin, glucose, insulin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D - 25(OH)D) and body composition, as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Participants were allocated according to their nutritional status (eutrophic, overweight and obese) and metabolic health (metabolically healthy - MH and unhealthy - MU) in 6 groups (phenotypes): eutrophic MH and MU, overweight MH and MU and obese MH and MU. The mean age was 51.7 ± 7.9 years, and 51.7% (n = 264) were female. Of the total participants, 2.0% were classified as obese MH, corresponding to 6.2% of the total obese individuals (n = 161). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations <20 ng/mL, indicating vitamin D insufficiency, were prevalent in 56.0% of the entire sample. In subgroups with the same nutritional status, no significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations were observed between individuals classified as MH or MU. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were lower (p-value <0.05) in obese individuals (defined by both BMI and body fat percentage) and were affected by metabolic health factor (p-value= 0.02). After adjusting for confounding factors, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with total fat mass, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), insulin, triglycerides, TNF-α, HOMA-IR and leptin. Considering the crude model of logistic regression, there was no association between 25(OH)D and metabolic health, defined by the set of criteria adopted. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that 25(OH)D concentrations are more related to the nutritional status of the individuals than to the metabolic health itself and do not contribute to the determination of a healthy metabolic profile, at least considering the adopted metabolic health classification.