Racismo estrutural na gestão de recursos hídricos: O caso do Comitê de bacia da Baía de Guanabara na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

In 2019, the estimated population of Brazil by the IBGE was 210.1 milion people, with 56.10% of this total represented by those who declared themselves black and brown. Even though it’s the majority percentage, these two groups are qualified as a minority majority, as throughout the various moments of Brazilian social and political history, their knowledge has been neglected and their place of speech silenced by the Brazilian State, even constitucionally, having as fundamental objectives (Art. 3th), (I) a free, fair and solidary society; (II) the guarantee of national development; (III) a eradication of poverty, marginalization and reduction of social and regional inequalities; and (IV) promotion of the good of all, without prejudice of origin, race, sex, color, age and any other forms of discrimination. With the National Water Resources Policy instituting shared participation in water management in a country with structural racism, the research seeks to verify whether this political principle is practiced in one of the River Basin Committees (CBHs) of the State of Rio de Janeiro, particularly in the case of a basin with groups composed of this minority majority. In this way, the research aimed to understand if there is representation of minority groups in the Baía de Guanabara Basin Committee (CBH-BG) in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, and if the presence, or not, is related to structural racism. Therefore, the research consisted of identifying and describing the groups of the minority majority that participated and/or participate in the civil society segment since its creation in 2005, characterizing the forms of participation or the reasons for non-participation of these groups belonging to the territory. At the end of this research, the data collected, systematized, described and analyzed confirm the presence of structural racism in the institutional dynamics of one of the political spaces for freshwater management in the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Baia da Guanabara Hydrographic Basin Committee. Therefore, as a way of facing it, we propose an instrument for the improvement of State Law No. 3.239, of August 2, 1999, which institutes the State Water Resources Policy, creates the State Water Resources Management System, regulates the State Constitution, in its article 261, paragraph 1, item VIII, and makes other provisions. These are 30% quotas for representatives of entities that defend the rights of black populations, proportionally divided between women and men, in the Civil Society segment of the Committees.