Acumulação de capital por corrupção política do Estado: uma abordagem histórico materialista

Abstract

The thesis demonstrated in this research is that the political corruption of the State is involved in the circuits of capital accumulation. This accumulation does not come only from the process of labor exploitation with the sale of goods, as capital also comes from State action, through extra-economic violence. The State is not just the organizer of capitalist society and legitimizer of private property. It also plays a role in the process of emergence, development and consolidation of capitalism. The problem of corruption in the modern State arises in a material context and to understand it is necessary to understand this context. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis was to seek the concrete reality of political corruption, thinking about and understanding it historically in its various and contradictory aspects. The importance of this research was justified because political corruption still lacks a systemic and cohesive understanding developed on a historical and materialistic basis, capable of unraveling the speculative construction around it, that is, demonstrating how its function and meaning is conceived in capitalist societies. in a critical analysis of the State. In the first chapter of the thesis, a survey was made of the main concepts of political corruption in contemporary literature, delimiting and adopting the common characteristics highlighted in them. In the second, through the materialist dialectical analytical structure, corruption was investigated as a reality that deviates from the appearance of the State. This critical investigation studied the relationship between the essence and appearance of the modern state and its corruption. The third chapter, through theoretical philosophical analyses, faced the problem that the political corruption of the State is related to the capitalist mode of production, that is, the material base in which the State is inserted. At this point in the thesis, the imbrication between the productive economic sphere and the political organization of society, as well as the subjectivity of individuals, was revealed. In the fourth chapter, the fundamental premises of the notion of corruption were researched, highlighting the historical circumstances that made it possible, that is, the economic transformations of the transition from the pre-modern to the capitalist mode of production and the changes in the political organization linked to them, such as as the distinction between State and civil society, as well as the bureaucracy, linked to this distinction. The fifth chapter aimed to rescue the history of the legal classification of political corruption, following the material changes in England, France and Brazil. In the last chapter, the political and economic character of confronting the political corruption of the State was analyzed, faced the speculation of political corruption with its practical activity, its role in the capitalist economy.