Sistema partidário brasileiro: relação entre distritos e níveis federativos

Abstract

The Brazilian party system is very diverse and complex. With 33 parties able to compete independently, we can find different configurations of vote concentration and number of parties depending on the measurement district or federated level studied. The number of parties has the electoral system design as a relevant explanatory variable. For the dispute for executive positions we have the rule of two voting rounds; simple majority when the dispute is for the Senate or municipalities below 200 thousand inhabitants; and proportional to other legislative burdens. In addition, the relationship between different federal, municipal, state and federal levels is also used to understand this scenario. The objective is to analyze the determinants of the configuration of the party system in a territory. We observed that Brazilian literature did not incorporate some of the main advances in international literature, among them, the establishment of beacons through which we can speak of greater or lesser fragmentation. Therefore, we aim to expand this debate. In the first chapter, we spoke with authors who propose a verticalization of the party system, based on the consolidation of two parties in the presidential dispute. We argue that this process is an expected result of the electoral rule employed and that it does not seem to overflow over the other changes to the executive. In the second chapter, we present a debate about the number of parties in the Chamber of Deputies, observing the dispute at the same level, but between different districts. In the last chapter, we dealt with the relationship between levels and included the last municipal ones. Finally, we conclude with a proposal for a research agenda on the convergence and divergence between composition and political competition at national, state and municipal levels.