A representação social das cirurgias espirituais na umbanda para médiuns umbandistas do ritual bantu-ameríndio

Abstract

In order to know the social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda for Umbandist mediums of the Bantu-Amerindian ritual, it was considered as objectives to describe the contents and the structure of the social representation elaborated by the Umbandist mediums of the Bantu-Amerindian ritual on spiritual surgeries in Umbanda; to compare the structure of the social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda between the Umbandist mediums of the Bantu-Amerindian ritual who have already participated and those who have never had contact with the referred surgeries; to identify the process of coping with diseases based on the constituted social representation; to discuss, from the perspective of its members, how Umbanda centres are constituted in a space of comprehensive health care; and to discuss the contributions of this representation in the deepening of certain aspects of health and nursing care. This is a descriptive-exploratory study, qualitative, supported by the Theory of Social Representations in its structural and procedural approaches, conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 7 Umbanda yards that practice the Bantu-Amerindian ritual in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. During the first stage, 200 mediums divided into two groups participated, one with 100 who participates or have participated of the spiritual surgeries, and the other with 100 who never had contact with them, with both having responded to the characterization, to the collection of free evocations for the cue spiritual surgeries in Umbanda and the DUKE Religion Index. In the second stage, 30 mediums were interviewed. For the treatment of the data collected in the first stage, a database was built using Microsoft® Office Excel for Windows. The evocations went through the prototypical analysis, the similarity through co-occurrence and the interviews through a lexical analysis. As for the structural approach, the results indicate that the probable central nucleus of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda for the participants is healing, faith and entity. Regarding the comparison between the groups, the probable central nucleus for the participants who are or have been in contact with the surgeries is healing, faith and charity; and for the group who never had contact with them it is healing and faith. Therefore, these last two elements are consensual for both groups. As for the procedural analysis, the results were divided into class 1 and axis 1, which continued to be subdivided into classes, with class 1 exposing the necessary procedures for the performance of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda: material and spiritual aspects in the context of welcoming, preparation, mediumistic protagonism and health promotion; and axis 1 addressing the spiritual surgeries in Umbanda: the crossroad that holds the encounter of religion and health as a space for the apposition of faith and hope in healing. The research identified that the spiritual surgeries in Umbanda are represented by the groups as a type of energetic-spiritual health work, as a magical-therapeutic resource, a recognised reference for healing work, which is driven by faith. In addition, it provides subsidies for thinking about comprehensive health care and culturally congruent care for nursing.