As representações sociais do HIV/Aids para pessoas que vivem com o HIV: apontamentos para o cuidado de enfermagem

Abstract

The present work has as its objective the Social Representation of HIV / AIDS for People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and has as its general objective to analyze the social representations of HIV for People Living with HIV (PLHIV), understanding the means developed by these people. for coping with the syndrome and proposing notes for the implementation of nursing care. The specific objectives were defined as follows: Identify the representational content of HIV for people living with HIV; Describe the structure of the Social Representations of HIV for People Living with HIV and analyze these representations with a view to proposing notes for nursing care in the context of PLHIV. Exploratory-descriptive research with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations (TRS). For this study, we used a specialized outpatient service for people living with HIV from a large University Hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research participants are People Living with HIV who undergo treatment in this unit, and in the first stage, 167 PLHIV participated and, in the second, 31. The collection took place through characterization questionnaires, free evocations and semi-structured interview. Data analysis was performed using the four-box table from the EVOC 2005 software and co-occurrence similarity analysis for the data from the evocation and the lexical analysis by the IRAMUTEQ software for the interview. Regarding the structure of the Representation, it is noteworthy that the probable Central Nucleus is composed of sadness, fear, any illness and death, which indicate a conceptual and feelings dimension, with predominance of the former. In the similarity analysis, the tendency towards the centrality of the term prejudice is perceived, since it has a large number of connections along with sadness. In the lexical analysis, four classes were defined: The process of living with AIDS and adherence to treatment: factors that facilitate and hinder; HIV / AIDS and its paradoxes: Living with the virus, building naive theories and scientific knowledge; The process of facing difficulties in the face of HIV / AIDS: empathy, relationship with the divine and daily struggle; and finally, the diagnostic process: coping, overcoming and new challenges. It is concluded that the social representation of HIV / AIDS for PLHIV has, in its structure and organization, a basis in emotions and feelings, with negative characteristics, having as a centrality hypothesis the disease-any-sadness-prejudice triad. The social representations of HIV, as presented in this study, are characterized by being important aspects that guide health and nursing care and help in coping with the syndrome.