Riscos ocupacionais entre trabalhadores do serviço de limpeza hospitalar: desenvolvimento de um instrumento de avaliação em saúde

Abstract

Introduction: The study emphasized the development of a health measurement instrument, with the purpose of identifying the self-perception of the hospital cleaning service worker about their exposure to occupational risks, providing information on how vulnerable these workers are to illness in the labor field. The study aimed to "develop an instrument with evidence to investigate the self-perception of occupational risks of hospital cleaning service workers". The specific objectives were: "to characterize the occupational risks identified related to the activity of the hospital cleaning service based on the literature and specialists in workers' health" and "to evaluate the evidence of content validity of an instrument for assessing the self-perception of occupational risks of hospital cleaning service workers by specialists in workers' health". Method: This was a psychometric study, from the perspective of the elaboration of an instrument on the self-perception of occupational risks of hospital cleaning service workers. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the State University of Rio de Janeiro and the data were collected by signing the Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE) by the experts. Results: The Questionnaire on Self-Perception of Occupational Risks and Damage of Hospital Cleaning Service Workers (QPRD-LIMPH) was developed in three stages: establishment of the conceptual structure, analysis and characterization of the work environment by the specialists and evaluation of the composition of the structure and items of the instrument by the expert reviewers through the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) method. Through evidence of content validity, the vulnerabilities for the illness of hospital cleaning service workers were confirmed, as some occupational risks present in daily work are notorious, even if it is in different areas of activity due to the characteristic of the activities they perform. Variables considered as determinants in the bio-social context for the illness of these workers were identified. Conclusion: the objectives of the study were satisfactory and achieved. It is emphasized the need to conduct other research involving the workers of the hospital cleaning service as the construction of technical and theoretical knowledge about the subjectivity of these workers in the work environment and the continuation of the investigation of the evidence of structural validity of the instrument for its validation and use in the target population.