Perspectivas de egressos da residência de enfermagem acerca das contribuições do curso para a vivência do mundo laboral

Abstract

This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, with quantitative support, using the method of data triangulation. The object of this study addressed the coping strategies adopted by the newly-trained professionals of the nursing residency course regarding the adversities of the working world, considering the qualification process in the residency. The objectives of this study were: i) to identify the sociodemographic and working characteristics of the newly-trained professionals of a nursing course in the face of adversities in the working world; nursing residency; ii) to describe the perceptions of newly-trained professionals of a nursing residency course about the working work in health and nursing; iii) to analyze the coping strategies adopted by the newly-trained professionals of a nursing residency course to deal with the adversities of the working world; and iv) to discuss the contributions of learning in nursing residency to cope with adversities in the working world. The dialectical historical materialism was the theoretical-methodological framework that subsidized the research. The study was approved under the ERC opinion number 2.144.859. The participants were 106 newly-trained professionals who finished the course in the period from 2008 to 2014. The newly-trained professionals responded to a questionnaire about their work reality, and, among them, 24 gave semi-structured interviews, performed according to the requirements of Resolution 466, dated of 2012, during the period from February to April 2018. The method of data analysis was the hermeneutic-dialectical, which raised five analytical categories: a) The working world and its political, economic and technical-scientific complexity; b) Intervening factors affecting the daily work and its consequences for the worker; c) Impacts of the working world on the worker’s subjectivity; d) Resources to cope with adversities in the working world; and e) The residency course beyond the working world: a contribution of personal nature. The results revealed the perception of the newly-trained professionals about the complexity of the health work at the macrostructural level, as well as the effects of the neoliberal ideology in the daily work. We identified reflections of the work developed in the subjectivity of the newly-trained professionals, based on elements producers of pleasure and suffering in the exercise of work, demonstrating the relationship between the working world and the nursing worker’s health. The newly-trained professionals described coping strategies used to deal with adversities in professional practice, such as commitment to customer care and articulation with teams and users. Moreover, they emphasized the effective contribution of the residency course to their professional and personal development. We conclude that the residency course is a privileged space for the approximation of newly-trained professionals to the working world, contributing to the exercise of critical and reflective thinking, as well as to the maturation of the nurse and the construction of strategies to cope with adversities in daily work. We suggest the monitoring of the newly-trained professionals of the residency course and the offer of academic support to the resident, aiming at fostering the exercise of a critical view about the reality of the working world.