Inclusão social no capitalismo: uma análise de economia política sobre a pertença individual ao modo de produção capitalista e sua relação com a deficiência

Abstract

What does “social inclusion” mean? In recent decades, this idea has become capable of giving an aura of sensitivity to the most disparate political interests, as if it, applied, brought with it the panacea for all social ills. To explain the generalization of what we call the “notion of social inclusion”, we start by investigating the origin of our mode of production and then we enter what Marx calls false representation/consciousness; or simply “ideology”. If false representation covers up the functioning of the social and if “social inclusion” can be a false representation, what social is this and why does it need to be covered up? We show how the capitalist system depends on a mass of dispossessed individuals (capital and means of production). These, in turn, need to be continually adapted to provide a type of commodity essential to capital: labor power. However, the dispossessed face two challenges. First, at a certain level, the development of technique leads the most productive sectors to require fewer and fewer workers. Second, the workforce must respect an average social degree of skill and intensity. Only by hiring a labor force with a social level close to the average can the members of the capitalist class be able to extract the average profit from capital. Knowing that technical development makes the preparation of the workforce supplier more complex, and more is demanded of him, we conclude that the deficiency represents not a set of individual limitations. It represents the situation of the group most affected by the purification mechanism resulting from the development of the productive forces of capital, which will only be eliminated by the social revolution. In order to survive, then, it remains for the majority of the disabled under capitalism to seek state protection or rely on private charity.