Agricultores familiares e os processos complexos da governança e gestão dos recursos hídricos: cenários, práticas e reflexões

Abstract

Global growth was characterized by high rates of urbanization, production versus consumption and intensive industrialization. These demands generated unsustainable use of nature: pollution, social inequality, environmental degradation and disasters of different types. This study considers the centrality of water in reversing this situation, placing it as a key connection between food, water and energy security, based on the role of family farmers, not only for forest restoration / conservation, but also for production with management sustainable land. The hypothesis presents the performance close to the ground as a contributor in the generation of ecosystem services - relating food and regulation of water flows, with market demands and disaster mitigation. To do this, he revisits some missing civilizations, current projects, document analysis and field research. It starts with reflections on the collapses that occurred in various periods, causing shocks, political instability, population displacements, internal conflicts, tensions at borders and between government spheres. It points to a discussion on project execution methodologies, as possible ways of reaching an equitable denominator for people and the environment. The search in international standards, letters and declarations, as well as in authors in the various related areas, confirms the conflicts in hydrographic basins as coexisting, daily, with the multiple uses of water by interrelating various sectors required by contemporary society. Very recent studies and reports indicate the need for changes in the current form of water management, in order to facilitate the achievement of the global objectives - defined in the 2030 Agenda - of “leaving no one behind”. The earth, seen as a wheel of many gears, will not be conceived in balance with a lack of teeth in any of the turnstiles. The focal point of the intersection of global interests is vital to guarantee lives in a beneficial environment and the present investiture leads us to believe in the relevance and recognition of the role of family farmers as essential in this dynamic. In contrast, the evident absence of this portion of users in basin committees - state of Rio de Janeiro, leads to the proposition of actions that enable the participation of these social and economic actors in the realignment of healthy survival processes in the environment. The proactivity of family farmers when aware and mobilized, indicates to the management and / or governance of water resources the need to disseminate, raise awareness of the issue, so that they are appropriate as protective elements of ecosystems, they become teeth of the planet's gear - at the instead of villains. In this way, it understands that interfering in the production modes and customs in the field contributes to the realization of associated agricultural practices, where personal improvements to the workers themselves and real proposals for sustainable development will be fundamental to the fulfillment of the Water Law, as well as to supply disastrous consequences of the bad employment of natural resources - occurred until the 21st century and, possibly, be a means of guaranteeing future availability of raw water, in connection with other areas that demand the use of the same resource.