Ferramentas online de mapeamento para apoio à gestão de recursos hídricos: estudo de caso de mapeamento temporal de uso e cobertura do solo nas regiões hidrográficas do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The hydrographic basin, as the territorial unit for the management of water resources, can suffer impacts because of human occupation and development of its activities, such as agricultural and industrial production, energy generation, and sanitation, among others. In addition to changes in the quality and quantity of water resources, changes in land cover and use in hydrographic basins can also be seen. The state of Rio de Janeiro, for management purposes, has its territory divided into nine hydrographic regions, each with a basin committee and a delegated entity acting as a water agency. Frequently, the availability of resources to carry out management in hydrographic regions is not enough to conduct studies on land use and land cover in these areas. On the other hand, there are a variety of free and online tools for conducting various environmental analyses. Thus, from this context, it is intended to implement, in the present study, the use of an online tool for temporal mapping of land use and land cover in the hydrographic regions of Rio de Janeiro as a local management tool. The proposal starts from the development of an application in Google Earth Engine (GEE), in which a script will be elaborated to carry out the temporal analysis of land use and land cover using the image repository of the Norway's International Climate and Forests Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program. The development of this application will have the Hydrographic Region V - Guanabara Bay as a pilot area. Based on this initiative, a manual will be developed so that local managers can carry out their analyzes on the platform, according to their parameters of interest, such as analysis area, land use and land cover classes, among others. The development of a tool that can be applied directly by local managers can help to overcome one of the bottlenecks found related to the lack of technical and specialized human resources to conduct land use and land cover mappings. Thus, it is the purpose of this project to help ensure that current remote sensing technologies are increasingly incorporated at local management levels.