Adição por comida: prevalência e fatores associados em um estudo de base populacional no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Food addiction (FA) is characterized by a loss of control, causing overeating of certain kinds of foods, most often hyperpalatable foods, and failed attempts to overcome the eating problem despite adverse consequences. The current thesis describes the prevalence of FA and associated factors (socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, nutritional status, psychiatric and clinical comorbidities) in a representative sample of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a cross sectional study using data from the Binge Eating in Rio Survey, a household survey that included 2.297 individuals from 18 to 60 years. The participants will provide sociodemographic information, lifestyle, clinical comorbidities, and psychiatrics. The instrument used to evaluate the FA will be the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The interview was applied face-to face. Data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020. Prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated considering the sample weight. In analyses were performed logistic regression models to estimate odd ratios between psychiatric and clinical comorbidities. Models were an adjustment for potential confounder variables, gender, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The prevalence of FA according to YFAS 2.0 was 2.78% and, 17.42% was classified as mild, 36.49% as moderate, 46.09% as severe. The prevalence of FA in women was higher than men, 4.08% vs 1.39% (p=0.001), and with a decreasing trend with age (p=0.017). Regarding the BMI, FA was more prevalent among those with a higher BMI 6.76 % (95%CI 4.19 to 10.70) compared those in the normal BMI range 0.69% (9is 5%CI 0.31 to 1.53). Among those who had a FA, the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was as follows: 75.41% with symptoms of Depression, 77.05% symptoms of Anxiety, 19.7% Binge Eating Disorder, 32.79% Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms, and 19.7% alcohol use. Food addiction was associated with all psychiatric morbidities in both the crude and adjusted models. Among the clinical morbidities the unadjusted and crude models showed an association between food addiction and an increased chance of diabetes, stroke, asthma, chronic asthma, headaches, muscle problems, and gastroesophageal reflux. Regarding the increase of association, when adjusted for chronic spinal problems and BMI increases the OR values: FA was a prevalent condition in Brazil, more frequent in women and younger individuals, and associated also with higher BMI as observed in studies from high income countries. Furthermore, it shows that they constitute a group with specific characteristics and deserve special attention in this regard. FA was associated with psychiatric comorbidity and several clinical comorbidities in our sample.