Qualidade de vida de migrantes venezuelanos vivendo no Brasil

Abstract

The economic, social and health crisis that has been affecting Venezuela has caused the largest forced migration in the history of Latin America. Brazil has been one of Venezuelans host countries. This study aimed to describe and analyze the sociodemographic, migratory profile and the quality of life of Venezuelan migrants living in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with primary data collection. Venezuelans over 18 years of age living in Brazil were eligible, recruited through a Portuguese course promoted by Caritas Archdiocesan of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with the Rio de Janeiro State University, in addition to contacts with professors linked to the Cathedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello based in other Brazilian universities, and through dissemination in social media. An online questionnaire for self-completion was composed of three blocks: sociodemographic profile; migratory trajectory and situation; and quality of life (abbreviated instrument for assessing quality of life, the WHOQOL-BREF). Absolute and relative frequencies of sociodemographic and migration characteristics were estimated. Mean scores, standard deviations for the item (extra domain) of general quality of life, 4 domains of quality of life, and their respective facets were calculated, all on a scale from 0 to 100. The higher such mean scores, greater the indicative of better quality of life. Multiple linear regressions of quality of life and its domains were carried out in relation to sociodemographic and migratory variables. The study population included 318 participants, but 312 answered at least 80% of the WHOQOL-BREF items. Among these 312, were found 65.7% female, mean age of 37.1 years, 38.1% with a fixed-term residence permit, 37.5% and 27.2% lived, respectively, in the North and Southeast regions. The general quality of life item had an average score of 44.7 (SD=21.8). The physical domain had the best average rating with 66.2 points (SD=17.8), while the environment had the worst average with 51.1 points (SD=14.6). The lowest general quality of life was associated with having no income or having received less than R$1,501 (β=-17.3), living alone (β=-13.3), living for less than a month in the state of residence (β=-13.2) and having experienced some episode of discrimination (β=-6.8). The lower perception of domains by Venezuelans was associated with being female, having suffered discrimination, living for less than a month in the state of residence and not living in states in the South and Southeast regions of the country. The self-perception of quality of life in Brazil was not well evaluated, which allows to assume that social integration and the guarantee of the human rights of Venezuelan migrants and refugees are unsatisfactory.