A educação nas páginas do “O São Gonçalo”: política educacional no município de São Gonçalo (1963-1967)

Abstract

The research investigated the history of education in the Municipality of São Gonçalo located in the Metropolitan Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, between the years 1963-1967. The City experiences a process of industrialization and population increase, caused by the presence of the industrial park and proximity to the Capital, being called "Manchester Fluminense". In this context, the country's historical processes, such as populist policies and the 1964 coup, occupied the front pages of newspapers, “eyewitnesses of history”, with their own interpretations being advertisements to readers.Thus, the source/object of the thesis was the newspaper “O São Gonçalo” created in the city in 1931, proving to be a valuable source of study for the history of education. In this sense, the newspaper and its “ephemeral materiality” (CAMPOS, 2012) made it possible through the “clues” (GINZBURG, 1989) to have a deep reading and the “possible writing” (FIGUEIRÊDO, 2010) of the “history lived deciphered in everyday life” (FIGUEIRÊDO, 2010). MARTINS, 2012). The thesis resides in the field of the history of education with a focus on bibliographic and documentary research, with guiding questions: How did the local print portray education in the 1960s? What representations of local/national educational policy are presented in the Journal? What do the clues found reveal about the guidelines in the educational field in the early years of the civil-military dictatorship? What do the reports about education in the City tell us? The theoretical-methodological frameworks focused on the concepts “particularities of historical observation” (BLOCH, 2001) through “evidence” (GINZBURG, 1989) in the perspective of Italian micro-history studies through the observation of the “scale of analysis” ( REVEL, 1996). The history of education and the production of knowledge from the particularities supported in (NUNES, 1992); (FARIA, 2006); (XAVIER, 2009); (LEONARDI, 2010), through the dialogue with the local history inscribed in the “scale of power” (ALVARENGA; TAVARES, 2015) and in the “understanding of the place” (FIGUEIRÊDO, 2010) directed the study aiming at the search instead of the affirmations. The methodology of the investigation via the press occurred in the recognition of the Journal as a social production committed to “a particular project of society” (FIGUEIRÊDO, 2010); (LUCA, 2005), contributing to the writing of history. Thus, the landmarks of education in the City are found in the "first voices" of education in Gonçalves (ARAÚJO; FIGUEIRÊDO; HEES; TAVARES; 2004), through the Research and Extension Center "Vozes da Educação", with a long trajectory of research aimed at public schools and non-formal education spaces. The contributions of the research experience aimed at strengthening public education in the City project, expanding the right to education, disputes over the privatization of education and a possible reduction of the “historiographical gap” (FIGUEIRÊDO, 2010) of education in Rio de Janeiro, particularly in peripheral regions, considering the micro/macro social space and the knowledge produced by the local press.