Efeito do treinamento aeróbio em parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemodinâmicos e autonômicos de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical condition of high cardiovascular risk and patients in the more advanced stages of the disease who depend on renal replacement therapy often experience cardiorespiratory impairment, high blood pressure levels (use of multiple medications for control), modulation impaired autonomy and varying degrees of inflammation. Thus, this study aims to verify whether intradialytic aerobic exercise has an impact on modifying these variables. The patients were selected in two hemodialysis units in São Luís do Maranhão, Brazil, between May 2016 and October 2019, and were allocated according to acceptance in the control group (CG) and exercise group (EG). The group exercise was submitted to aerobic exercise with bicycle for a period of 12 weeks. Anthropometric physical evaluation, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), echocardiogram, electrocardiogram with analysis of heart rate variability (VFC) and laboratory measurements were performed including interleukin 6 (IL6) before and after 12 weeks in both groups. Thirty-one patients were evaluated 15 patients in the control group (CG) and 16 patients in the exercise group (EG). After 12 weeks of training, there was a decrease in systolic blood pressure in the exercise group compared to baseline (129.8 ± 9.41 mmHg vs 112.00 ± 12.0 mmhg p = 0.03). There were no changes in body composition and in most laboratory tests, except for an increase in KTV (dialysis adequacy index) and a decrease in LDL cholesterol in the exercise group compared to the control group. However, HDL cholesterol levels increased (39.92 ± 6.1 mg / dL vs 48.00 ± 7.85 mg / dL p = 0.02) and IL6 decreased (4.56 ± 1.2 pg / mL vs 2.14 ± 1.0 pg / mL p = 0.02). There was an increase in the distance covered in the walking test in the exercise group (473.80 ± 98.6 m vs 573.50 ± 74.22 m p = 0,01). In the echocardiographic evaluation, it was found that in the EG there was a decrease in the estimated pulmonary artery pressure (31.38 ± 2.9 mmhg vs 24.2 ± 1.7 mmhg p = 0.001). There was an improvement in autonomic modulation in the EG (RMSSD 11.7 ± 4.2 vs 18.4 ± 5.7 p = 0.02), LFnu (52.9 ± 17.2 vs 32.0 ± 18.2 p = 0.02) and HFnu (48.1 ± 17.2 vs 68.0 ± 18.2 p = 0.01). There were no adverse effects and training was not abandoned. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that intradialytic aerobic exercise for 12 weeks can improve cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and autonomic parameters, with good adherence and without adverse events, and can be used as a supporting measure for the clinical improvement of these patients.