Proposição de um indicador global de meio ambiente por meio de uma ferramenta de tomada de decisão multicritério: estudo de caso em uma indústria produtora de insumos para refino de petróleo

Abstract

The concerning about environmental becomes increasingly relevant to industry. Therefore, Environmental Management as a continuous process, using ISO 14000 as a management tool and PDCA’s methodology (Plan, Do, Check, Act), is part of the daily life of a growing number of companies. Environmental monitoring through indicators is fundamental to analyze the performance of the company and its evolution over time, having influence on manager’s decision-making quality and on company’s competitiveness. The objective of this work is to develop a multicriteria model for prioritization of indicators and obtaining an Environmental Index to simplify the management of environmental indicators of a company and be a way to monitor their efficiency and evolution over time. A case study was conducted with an industry that produces inputs for oil refining and monitors its environmental performance with indicators of liquid effluents, solid waste and atmospheric emissions. The prioritization of the criteria and indicators was performed by a team of experts from the company through the combination of decision making techniques Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).The Environmental Index allows a synthetic view of the results of the company's 26 environmental indicators evaluated from 12 criteria, which belong to four different areas of interest (Technical, Socio-environmental, Financial and Strategic). The criteria with the highest priority were the Effect on Product Quality (26%) and on Worker’s Health (15%), and the most important indicators were the atmospheric emissions (41%). The Environmental Index was stratified into an Environmental Quality Index and an Environmental Performance Index, according to the informational objective of the indicator, and in liquid effluents, solid wastes and atmospheric emissions according to their type. The analysis considered a period of 5 years, where the index, which should be minimized, reached an average value of 34.13%, operating in a control range from 45.52% to 22.74%. The minimum value was reached in 2013 (27.57%) and the last result in 2015 reached 35.80%. In order to assist the manager in monitoring results and encouraging staff to minimize environmental impacts, an annual target (30.72%) was established, based on the statistical analysis of the results. The index is a way to obtain a systemic view of the results of the environmental indicators and to guide the decision maker in a certain direction with the identification of the most relevant points for the company.