O processo de inclusão de crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde na perspectiva de professores da educação básica

Abstract

Children and adolescents with Special Health Needs are those who have a physical condition, which requires periodic and continuous care for their development, and which requires some type or amount of greater care offered by health services. They have special health conditions with demands for ongoing care. In Brazil, currently, many had their survival made possible by changes related to care practices and technological advances, facts that contributed to the increase in their survival and the increase in their life expectancies. With the increase in life expectancy, many of them are reaching adulthood, consequently reaching the school environment, which makes it relevant to study the process of school inclusion of these population groups. The objectives were: to describe how the process of inclusion of children and adolescents with special health needs occurs from the perspective of their teachers; to know the difficulties faced by teachers for the inclusion of these children and adolescents in the school context; to analyse the strategies implemented by teachers to overcome these difficulties and discuss the role of health professionals in the care process for these children and adolescents in a school environment. Qualitative study carried out in an application college located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in the public school system. Thirteen teachers participated. The research was approved by the ethics committees with opinion number 4,652,047. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, from May to July 2021. The interviews were handled by the IRAMUTEQ® software. Results: By giving voice to the teachers, it was possible to show that the research field has a specialized service (AEE) to assist children and adolescents with special needs, regarding special health needs more properly, the teachers indicated that there was a previous diagnosis of students' health with their families carried out by the teaching coordination of this institution, and this information is shared with all teachers. The teachers consider that the care to be developed with these children and adolescents differs and goes beyond their pedagogical practice itself. In this sense, because they are often technical care, they understand that the participation of families is important, guiding them on how to proceed in different health care and the need to implement a health department within the institution itself. It was concluded that for the integral improvement of the process of inclusion of children and adolescents with special health needs, it is necessary to develop a multidisciplinary work that includes the partnership with the health professional to ensure care actions. provided for these students, improving their quality of life and their integration into the school environment, thus contributing to a more inclusive education. With the completion of this study, another step was taken towards increasing the visibility of these population groups, contributing to filling the knowledge gap found, with still incipient work on their inclusion in the school setting.