Controle da maternidade das mulheres negras: ilustrações do caráter racista, patriarcal e capitalista sobre seus corpos

Abstract

This dissertation aims to understand the socio-historical construction of the control of black women's motherhood, according to the structural particularities of racism and Brazilian patriarchy. We specifically analyze: i) the Brazilian socio-historical formation and the place of black women and their maternity hospitals in this process; ii) structural and institutional racism as part of the inequities in the reproductive health of black women; iii) maternal mortality and unsafe abortion as contemporary forms of expression of black women's control and denial of motherhood in the field of reproductive health. Thus, we discuss and understand the control of black motherhood as part of a social and historical process and as a way of maintaining the racist, patriarchal and capitalist structure. For this, we developed a theoretical study on the Brazilian socio-historical formation from enslavement to the present day and its impacts on black women and their motherhoods, understanding that to carry out an anti-racist and anti-capitalist feminist research it is necessary to blacken feminism. Furthermore, with the survey of secondary data from PNAD/IBGE, the Ministry of Health and DATASUS, we present the high rates of maternal deaths and unsafe abortions in black women, primarily in the period from 2009 to 2019. In Brazil, with its historical particularities of more than three centuries of enslavement articulated with patriarchy and dependent capitalism, black women have had their motherhood denied, violated and controlled from the colonial period to the present day as ways of maintaining racism, sexism and capitalism. This is materialized and expressed in the high rates of maternal deaths and unsafe abortions among black women.