Cuidado centrado na mulher que vivencia o parto: percepções da equipe de enfermagem

Abstract

This study has as its research object the “Care centered on women who experience childbirth in the perception of the nursing team”, and aimed to describe the perceptions of the nursing team about care centered on women who experience childbirth, as well as to identify the possibilities and challenges of this perspective of care in childbirth care. The theoretical-methodological framework of the Humanistic Nursing Theory of Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad was used. This is a qualitative, descriptive research, carried out in a tertiary maternity hospital linked to a teaching hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Twenty professionals from the nursing team who work in assistance to women in the prepartum, delivery and postpartum periods participated in the research. Data production took place from July to August 2020, through individual interviews guided by a semi-structured script with questions about the professional profile and open questions about the research object, which were analyzed through the Thematic Content Analysis in the light of the Humanistic Theory of Nursing. The thematic category “Care centered on women during childbirth in the perception of the nursing team” embraces five subcategories: Nursing team prepares to meet the woman; Nursing team intuitively knows the woman; Nursing team scientifically knows the woman; Nursing team understands the experiences lived, and The paradoxical unit revealed: possibilities and limits of care centered on women. Care centered on women has emerged as an authentic presence of the nurse, established through the dialogue they experience when there is an intersubjective relationship built through valued presence, interest, openness to the other, and verbal and non-verbal communication in a care process that respects women’s autonomy and rights to promote their well-being in the childbirth period. The attributes that enable care centered on women in the perception of the nursing team are: qualified and motivated professionals, well informed women, interprofessional dialogue and private environment, while the limitating ones are: little interaction between the woman and her companion with the nursing team; the clientele’s lack of knowledge about the delivery process; discriminatory attitudes of the team; unfavorable care environment; limited interprofessional communication and shortage of professionals. It is concluded that care centered on women during childbirth is permeated by the interrelational and intersubjective assumptions of the Humanistic Nursing Theory to achieve well-being and better-being, but is faced with restrictions deriving from difficulties in the scope of health and nursing work organization, as well as from inadequate prenatal and childbirth care for pregnant women, which are challenges that still persist in the Brazilian health system.