Segurança hídrica para abastecimento urbano perante condições ambientais e qualidade da água do manancial: o caso da ETA Guandu, RMRJ

Abstract

This work analyzes the level of water security in the supply of the West of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, in terms of quality of water resources at the intake point of the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Guandu, in the face of stressors involving environmental conditions and water quality of the source supply. An effort was made to support the process of water management and sanitation in the area of influence of ETA Guandu, by highlighting, in a systemic way, the main issues involving its water security, in terms of water quality, which should be a priority for the public policy. The study area comprises the entire drainage area to the point of capture of the WTP, both from the Guandu River Basin and from the Paraíba do Sul River Basin upstream of the transposition. For that, an analytical model of qualitative assessment of water security was applied, adapted to the case of WTP Guandu, in the face of stressors considered to be of greater risk for water quality at the intake point: "land use and cover", "degradation of Permanent Preservation Area (PPA)", “erosive processes”, “environmental accidents” and “polluting load”. It was concluded that the current level of water security of WTP Guandu, in terms of water quality, is low, with the problems related to Lagoa do Guandu being the most serious, not only because of the chronic pollution that has worsened over the decades, but above all by the intense acute pollution that caused water crises in 2020 and 2021.