Análise da paisagem da bacia hidrográfica do rio Guapi-Macacu - RJ, sob os enfoques estruturais e funcionais da cobertura vegetal, a partir de perspectivas geoecológicas da paisagem

Abstract

The study of the landscape, from a geosystemic view, that is, integrated, is of great importance, mainly due to the continuous actions of man on the earth's surface. Among the elements that make up the landscape, vegetation, in particular, plays a determining role in the balance of natural systems. Thus, studies referring to vegetation cover allow us to understand how balanced an area is and how it manages to maintain its geosystemic functions, such as, for example, the maintenance of water resources, biodiversity and mitigation of erosion processes. The hydrographic basin of the Guapi-Macacu River is one of the areas of the state of Rio de Janeiro that has great importance. This basin is responsible for the water supply of about 2 million inhabitants in the municipalities of Cachoeiras de Macacu, Guapimirim, Itaboraí, São Gonçalo and Niterói. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the landscape of the hydrographic basin of the Guapi-Macacu River - RJ, from the structural and functional approaches of the vegetation cover, through the use of landscape metrics and morphological classification of spatial patterns of forest remnants, respectively. These analyzes are derived from a land use and land cover map, a product resulting from the land use and land mapping process, carried out using geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques, using object-based classification (GEOBIA), images Sentinel 2 (MSI sensor), using radiometric indices, on a scale of 1:50,000. The metrics of the landscape were generated from the ArcGis 10.4 software, with the extensions V-Late and Patch Analyst, in addition to the software Conefor 2.6. To generate the morphological analysis of the spatial pattern of forest remnants, the software Guidos Toolbox was used. The analyzes encompass the entire area of the basin, as well as the geomorphological domains, allowing a characterization of the quantity and the pattern of vegetation cover within the study area. The results showed a differentiated profile of vegetation cover aggregation, showing a higher proportion of matrix in the lowland geomorphological domain and larger forest remnants concentrated in the mountain domain. Other data also support this, such as, for example, the high amount of forest fragments in the plains, hill and morrotes, which indicates a high degree of fragmentation, and conversely, a reduced amount of remnants in the hills and mountains, which indicates greater conservation. This type of study allows analyzes that may become of great use and interest for city halls, supervisory bodies, environmental and planning management, as a subsidy for decision making. With this, it is possible to have a better planning and environmental management, in order to preserve the forest fragments of the hydrographic basin and, therefore, contribute to the preservation of native species of fauna and flora, and in maintaining the water supply to society civil.