A Política da Educação Infantil em São Gonçalo/RJ nos contextos dos Planos Municipais de Educação

Abstract

The dissertation aims to investigate public educational policies directed to Early Childhood Education in the city of São Gonçalo, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, devoting special attention to the fulfillment of the goals postulated by the SG/Municipal Education Plans: goal 2 (Law no. 056/2006) and goal 1 (Law no. 1067/2020 which amended the articles of Law no. 658/2015) in line with the National Education Plans (2001/2010) (2014/2024), noting that the first Municipal Education Plan of São Gonçalo / RJ refers to the decade 2006 to 2015, and the second presents the term from 2015 to 2024. From a theoretical-methodological point of view, it is a qualitative and quantitative research, based on the use of documentary sources in line with the studies of Marques (1997) and Evangelista (2012). The procedures used were semi-structured interviews, document analyses, bibliographic surveys, visits to the Municipal Education Department and other spaces necessary for the research. From the point of view of the relevance of the research context, I highlight that the municipality of São Gonçalo is the second largest city in Eastern of Rio de Janeiro, with a population contingent above one million inhabitants, and with deep social and educational inequalities, present itself as a privileged locus of research, mainly by the scarce theoretical production related to the follow-up of the Municipal Education Plans, with a view to the goals for the universalization and expansion of vacancies, aimed at guaranteeing the right to Early Childhood Education. In the current Brazilian legislative framework, the social right of young children to be attended in daycare centers and preschools was materialized through the Federal Constitution of 1988, which defined as the duty of the State to guarantee "Early childhood education, in daycare and preschool, to children up to 5 (five) years old" (art. 208, item IV). Thus, the study intended to dialogue with educational political notes aimed at the quantitative and qualitative expansion of Early Childhood Education in the city, as well as the understanding of young children as subjects of law, emphasizing the formulation of educational public policies to guarantee the right to education of the "little ones" (TAVARES, 2003) in São Gonçalo, according to the constitutional precepts and the goals determined in the Municipal Education Plans/SG.