Análise espacial da cobertura vacinal e a reemergência do sarampo no município do Rio de Janeiro: período pré e início da pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract

Measles is an acute, serious, communicable and highly contagious viral disease. Brazil received the certificate of elimination of measles virus circulation in 2016 and in 2019, after facing new cases of outbreaks, Brazil lost the certificate. to analyze the spatial self-relationship of vaccine coverage and the reemergence of measles in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the period 2018 and 2020. Ecological study with spatial analysis, having as source of data the information systems of notifiable diseases, of the National Immunization Program . For the sex variable in males, 57.4% of cases against 42.6% for females. The race/color variable, the population described as white represents 47.8% of the cases and the race described as brown, 21.6%.The schooling variable, the record 'complete high school' was reported in 11.0% (82) of the cases. 29 years old, 38.2% (285) cases. For the hospitalization variable, of the confirmed measles cases, 15.4% were hospitalized and 76.8% were not. Regarding the evolution of the case, 90.2% (674) were cured. For the year 2018, the incidence of measles was between 0-1.00 of measles cases, with zero (0), 92.99% of cases. In 2019, the incidence was distributed between 0-21.00% of measles cases. In 2020, the highest incidence was between 0.01-1.00 (36.94%) of cases, followed by 2.01-3.00 (12.74%) of cases. The study showed that the disease does not affect a specific sex or age group, but the population that is vulnerable, that is, not vaccinated. In addition, the disease presents itself as benign with a good prognosis in the evolution of each case. There was an increase in measles cases during the years included in the study, as well as an increase in vaccination coverage, but it did not reach 95% vaccination coverage. The south zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro had the highest incidence of measles cases and the west zone showed and part of the north zone had the highest vaccination coverage. The increase in the incidence of measles during the study period showed the reflexes of the fall in vaccination coverage, which can be explained by vaccine hesitancy. In view of the above, it is extremely important that nurses are constantly updated on the disease so that they can raise awareness among the population. In addition, the study showed that the drop in vaccination coverage in the southern area of the city of Rio de Janeiro, reflected considerably for the increase in incidence both in this region and in its neighbors.