Vozes para um protagonismo feminino: questões de classe, raça, gênero e formação educacional nos romances de Júlia Lopes de Almeida

Abstract

The protagonist of this dissertation is the writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida, born on September 24, 1862 in the then province of Rio de Janeiro and died on May 30, 1934, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the Republic, cited as abolitionist, defender of education and feminist. Thus, this study intended to show that literature, as an ally of history, can provide information about the modus vivendi of a certain community, time, stratum, social class or educational level. The objective of this research was to relate the literary work of Júlia Lopes de Almeida with the thought of a time, where patriarchy was reaffirmed by positivist and hygienist models and crossed by eugenic ideas. The work of this author includes a writing that dared to give visibility to the desire to transform the space destined for women in the late 1800s and early 20th century. Using the Ginzburg evidential paradigm as a methodological basis, the research sought to bring clues, clues and signs that show the possible relationship of the author's literary texts in the sense of denouncing, clarifying and giving voice to the women of her time, emphasizing class cuts, race, gender and educational background. Rio de Janeiro is the setting for fictions in the works chosen for this study. Both the private environment of bourgeois families and the life of the popular classes will serve as a backdrop for their plots. Júlia Lopes' name is among the intellectuals who integrated the planning for the creation of the Academia Brasileira de Letras, but because she is a woman, she was prevented from being a founding member. As a representative of Brazilian women, she was, on several occasions, a lecturer, inside and outside the country.