Perpetração de violências nas relações afetivas íntimas de adolescentes em situação de acolhimento: sob a ótica da enfermagem.

Abstract

The present study has as its object the perpetration of violence in the intimate affective relationships of adolescents in foster care. The establishment of intimate affective relationships between adolescents is a natural behavior of the human being, and when experienced by adolescents in institutional care, it presents a sequence of particularities of individual, structural and/or social dimensions. These affective relationships in adolescence are endowed with new positive and negative experiences, and may even be permeated by violence in affective intimate relationships. The study aimed to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with violence in the intimate affective relationships of adolescents in institutional care. We opted for a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory cross-sectional/correlational cross-sectional study, with a sample of 74 adolescents in public institutional care in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data analysis consisted of the description of variables in a uni-bi and multivariate manner, according to the study objectives. Descriptive, exploratory and explanatory analysis techniques were used for variables, estimating prevalence, prevalence ratio (PR), adjusted prevalence ratio, means and calculating the respective 95% confidence intervals. Statistical modeling procedures were also performed, using logistic regression models with a frequentist and Bayesian approach. The predominant profile of the adolescents studied was male, aged between 12 and 15 years; brown and black skin colors; evangelicals and schooling in Elementary School II. Data revealed high percentages of some type of violence in intimate affective relationships (95.9%), with psychological and physical violence being more prevalent. There was an association of skin color, religion and education as potentiators of violence in intimate affective relationships. The participants, who started their sexual life, presented a higher occurrence of violence in general (83.1%), with prevalence in sexual (92.7%), psychological (82.9%) and threat (81.6%). Condom use was approximately 10 times more likely to perpetrate sexual violence, while not using a condom was 1.85 times more likely to threaten intimate relationships. The data reveal that violence in intimate affective relationships and drug use are frequent. The most frequent violence in affective relationships, in relation to those responsible, were relational (36.4%), psychological (31.4%) and physical (31.1%) for a family member as responsible, and threat (34, 2%), relational (33.3%) and physical (31.1%) for the mother. The level of education and occupation of the father figure were protective factors for physical and psychological violence. Violence, in relationships in general, was more frequent in groups of friends/peers who dropped out of school and consumed licit and illicit drugs. More studies are recommended regarding the consequences of this type of violence, mainly related to the negative and positive impacts on the lives of these subjects. Likewise, research should be carried out on the influence of institutional care units and the insertion of nurses in these spaces, with the aim of understanding the effects of elements in the lives of adolescents for the occurrence of violence in the RAI.