Movimentos sociais maternos no Rio de Janeiro: uma análise através da Teoria da Reprodução Social

Abstract

This thesis presents a transdisciplinary investigation about social reproduction in its Brazilian characterization. The notion of “mother” and the form and content of the public protection of motherhood in Brazil since the Republic is analyzed as a determining element in the characterization and sustenance of social reproduction in this space. The legal order enables the configuration of social relations through which capitalism develops locally and globally. Changes in the organization of life and production linked to the adoption of neo-liberal policies are related to precariousness for those who work. In this context, changes in the regulation of access to essential goods and services generate debt, and family and state reconfigurations that can be seen in the transfer of social reproduction responsibilities to families. The mobilization of mothers, figures not usually acknowledged in analyses of the working class, is observed, considering the presented background, from the perspective of memory, the characterization of these women as workers and the co-constitution of race and gender oppressions. Social movements formed by mothers in the city of Rio de Janeiro since 2015, namely Movimento Mães e Crias na Luta and Movimento de Mães, Pais e Responsáveis pela Escola Pública Municipal Carioca, which occupied the streets with mobilizations about social reproduction, are analyzed in a case study based on participant observation, with presentation and discussion of data extracted from questionnaires and interviews. The object is, therefore, observed from complementary angles, fundamentally from the Social Reproduction Theory, considering postulates of militant research and practices described by Oral History for the registration and analysis of memories in the evaluation of the formation and trajectory of the studied groups.