Trabalho e população em situação de rua: uma análise à luz da questão social no Ceará

Abstract

This thesis has as its object of study the manifestations and the work characteristics of the homeless population in the urban spaces of the cities of Fortaleza, Maracanaú and Caucaia, belonging to the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza. Border and important cities from an economic, social, historical and political point of view for the state of Ceará. Economic growth and the urbanization process of these cities are based on the interests of capital accumulation in the context of Ceará's insertion in international capitalism. In this sense, the three cities had as an indelible mark the social inequalities arising from the unequal relations between capital and work, in which the homeless population emerges as one of the expressions of the social issue, resulting from unemployment and informal work that are structuring brands in the Brazilian labor market. Even though there is a localized study, undoubtedly, it allows us to identify trends for the understanding that the phenomenon addressed, despite its particularities, crosses all Brazilian society. Therefore, we start from the assumption that unemployment and precarious and informal work are one of the main determinants in the (re) production of the social phenomenon of the homeless population. Thus, this thesis aims to investigate the manifestations and forms of work of the homeless population in urban spaces in Fortaleza, Maracanaú and Caucaia. With this north, we built a theoretical-methodological path of bibliographic studies and interviews carried out with the users of the specialized service for the homeless population, offered by the cities mentioned. The research field revealed that the homeless population is made up of extremely precarious workers in conditions and without the right to labor and social security protection, an example of activities such as: flannels, artisans, waste pickers, solid residues and small nozzles, which, through the reports, we dive into the daily lives of these workers. To account for the research exposure, we structured the chapters in the perspective of inserting the object of study in the socioeconomic formation of Ceará in the scenario of dependent and unequal Brazilian capitalism that has as its profound mark centuries of slavery by the black labor force.