Incêndios florestais e conflitos hídricos: um estudo sobre os aspectos da governança das águas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraopeba, Minas Gerais

Abstract

The hydrographic basin of the Paraopeba River is strategic to the central region of Minas Gerais as it is responsible for the water supply of sixty percent of the metropolitan region of the capital of Minas Gerais. It stands out for its productive activities linked to agriculture, mining and livestock and for its forest remnants in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. However, the occupation and use of land with the presence of fires and forest fires impact these forests and threaten water security, the central theme of this work. This study presents characteristics of the Paraopeba watershed that directly affect the quality and quantity of water, such as population centers, economic activities, land use and occupation and water availability. Secondly, it analyzes the databases on forest fires and fires, comparing them with data from critical areas or potentially restricted to multiple uses. Water governance, as an instrument for promoting water sustainability in the region, is also analyzed. In this sense, methodologically, the present research is part of the perspective of a quantitative documentary analysis, from the study of satellite image databases, making it possible to understand the behavior of fires and forest fires in parallel with critical areas with a propensity to conflict. and areas with potential restrictions on water use. The results revealed a dissociation in the process of water governance and forest fires and bushfires, since the regions with the greatest scars caused by fire are located in areas with greater propensity for restricted water use or in critical areas of potential water conflict. When analyzing management instruments such as the Paraopeba Water Resources Master Plan published in 2020, the document does not provide for actions or strategies to prevent impacts on water security as a result of forest fires and fires, leading to the conclusion that the agenda needs to be expanded. of actions of the committee of the study area.