A constituição identitária dos sujeitos manifestantes: uma análise sobre os recursos discursivos como ferramenta de agir social em cartazes de protesto

Abstract

The present work analyzes, based on the theoretical assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis, the materiality of banners in popular manifestations of the July 3, 2021, which took place in several cities in Brazil and in the world, in order to understand the identity constitution of protesters (producer and interpreter) actors of the event. At that moment, the scene of clamor for life and political dissatisfaction gathered different groups together, previously dispersed, in search of restoration and the diversity of demands reflected in the multiculturalism present in that social practice. We start from the dialectical order that relates language and society, one of the guiding concepts of Norman Fairclough's Social Theory of Discourse, to support discussions about the meanings produced in a discursive practice and, with that, to recognize in linguistic phenomena traces of the social action of protesters and reveal the structure of the society in which they are inserted. We count on other theories, such as Michael Halliday’s functional grammar and Michel Foucault’s concept of discursive formation, since both reaffirm the collaboration of subjects in the formulation of meaning. In the proposed analysis, the phenomenon of intertextuality stands out as a means of verifying the different versions of reality that circulate among the actors and of liberating language from a static condition of 'social cement', in which it would strict distribute ideologies. In addition, we identified in these speeches a diversity of linguistic resources that indicate how power relations are maintained or challenged, suggesting a social transformation carried out by subjects, according to their discursive formations.