Butler por um feminismo em fluxo: uma leitura de mediações entre sujeitas diversas e alianças plurais

Abstract

The present work proposes to analyze part of Judith Butler's work in order to carry out possible mediations with critical theory and feminist practice. In this sense, it begins by exploring Butler's notions of performativity to debate gender and think the figure of the subject woman in feminism in the face of a critique of the supposed stability of this subject. The bet on a stable subject of feminism and the intensification of the struggle around a closed identity causes several erasures and reproduces violences that initially intended to combat. Considering the perspective of intersectionality, Butler is sensitive to the need to pay attention to the different conditions of precariousness that act on each individual, marking them in a unique way. The author's vocabulary is used here, which deals with the precariousness and precarity that act on bodies and locate them in an area of greater or lesser possibility of life. In this sense, the notion of segmentation of lives between more or less bereaved is also used, recognizing that the gender marker causes a less bereaved person, demarcating the devaluation of the intelligible as within the spectrum of womanhood in society. At this point, it is worth highlighting Butler's theorization with the concept of necropolitics, in order to assess the establishment of parameters that support the allegedly legitimate submission of life to death, both through the instrumentalization of life and the annihilation of bodies that, more than that left to death, have death as a intended result. Recognizing necropolitics as the policy aimed at those populations that are not included in an ethics of cohabitation applicable among those who recognize themselves as equals, Butler explores the fiction of social coexistence grounded in the largely volitional social contract, in which the desire to inhabit is constantly reaffirmed. in society. Necropolitics proves that equality does not occur in practice, as not everyone is within the scope of application of an ethics of coexistence, being differentiated to these, applicable to death policies, being deprived of the value of transforming grief. To challenge such segmentation, Butler presents his bet on the formation of alliances in favor of non-simplistic coalitions, committed to the constant negotiation and review of social and civil demands. Specifically regarding feminism, having already addressed the criticism of the feminist movement that has ellected identity agendas in the name of a figure of a stable woman subject, Butler proposes the opening of the movement to include plural existences that permeate the spectrum of womanhood in different ways, sensitive to the demands of intersectionality. This complex coalition would be especially manifested in moments of assembly, promoting fractures in the sphere of appearance and, thus, creating new forms of intelligibility through a collective performativity. The author works, specifically in terms of feminism, with the concrete example of the Slut Walks, which will be taken in the present work as an area of practical debate able to deepen and explore Butler's proposals for a coalitional policy committed to the realization of a radical democracy.