Estado de violência brasileiro: uma hipótese sobre a crise de segurança pública

Abstract

This thesis presentes the following hypothesis for the problem of violence that was conventionally classified as a “Public Security Crisis”: large Brazilian cities are experiencing the state of armed violence that Frédéric Gros conceptualized as a “State of Violence”. This “State of Violence” in large Brazilian cities is structured in two movementes: na endogenous one, the violence of the process of exclusion of the poor and black people from modern Brazilian society, since 1888, which transformed them into the target of violence (militarized) repression of State in continuity with the slave system; and another exogenous one, the transformation of violence in the context of the Cold War through the emergence of new threats that are gradually challenging and diluting the boundaries the forms of use of State violence (police and armed forces). The axis or meeting point that articulates these two movements is the Doctrine of National Security (DSN), which institutionalized the fight against the “internal enemy” in close measure with the Brazilian authoritarian political culture, and aligned with the US Hemispheric Doctrine of Hegemony, during the Cold War. The DSN was a consequence of the rise of the military state to political protagonism during the republican period, and was consolidated in a form of order that translates Brazil according to a militarist bias. The DSN was based not only on the repression apparatus but also on society, guiding a process of escalation of the State's violent repression against peripheral populations that articulates two variables: the logic of the “war on drugs” (systemic variable) and culture Brazilian authoritarian politics, from the social formation structured in slavery and in the patrimonial State (domestic variable).