Efeitos da exposição à violência na educação escolar

Abstract

This work aims to map the evidence from national and international literature that investigates the transmission mechanisms and the effects of exposure to violence in schooling. For this, references from the field of stratification are articulated, addressing the existence of inequalities in educational opportunities and differential risks of exposure to violence. Afterwards, it is discussed how educational inequalities and exposure to violence are tensioned in territories, where even the possibility of confrontation has enormous harmful potential for the well-being and sense of security of children and adolescents. It is discussed how exposure to violence impacts the behavior and experience of students in schools, affecting the teaching-learning process and the school climate. The evidence available at individual, school and community or neighborhood levels is described, as well as the main concepts used by the literature and research methodologies applied. It is highlighted that this field still lacks a more extensive systematic review, gathering evidence at a global level. Finally, an empirical approach is conducted to verify the influence of exposure to violence on school performance of public elementary schools students in different regions with Pacifying Police Units (UPP). Ceteris paribus, black students, students whose parents have a lower level of education and students in regions more exposed to violence had, on average, lower school performance.