Ergonomia organizacional e saúde: condições de trabalho e presenteísmo em enfermagem hospitalar

Abstract

Organizational Ergonomics directly interferes in the service dynamics, where the workers present themselves as an indispensable element in the work process, being able to get sick due to the conditions in which the activity is carried out. In addition, the remain of the sick workers in their workplace constitutes a behavior called “presenteeism”. The research aims to analyze the association between working conditions and presenteeism among nursing workers through the indicators of organizational ergonomics. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a quantitative approach to the data, developed in a federal hospital with nursing workers (nurses, technicians and nursing assistants). The data were collected using two instruments: a form containing sociodemographic and professional data from Mauro & Mauro (INGECTH-SUS) and the Stanford Gift Scale (SPS-6). The project was submitted to the Ethics Committees Research of INTO and from the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Participants signed the Informed Consent Form. After processing the data in a Microsoft Excel Word spreadsheet and later in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the Chi square test was used for bivariate analysis of factors associated with working conditions and presenteeism. The sample consisted of nursing workers from 05 sectors, totalizing 547 workers. Inclusion criteria: nursing team workers with at least 06 months of work at the institution; and who have not left the previous thirty days prior to data collection and are working on direct patient care at the time of data collection. Exclusion criteria: exclusively administrative worker or who works in sectors that have a reduced occupational quantity. Results: it was identified that among the 229 selected workers there was a significant association between presenteeism and inadequate working conditions in what they referred to: discomfort generated by improper posture for a long time; forced postures to perform some task; physical effort that produces fatigue; accelerated work rate; conflict with managers or supervisors; discrimination at work; bullying; long working hours. Regarding the damage to health perceived by the participants, the treatment sector of COVID-19 (covidiary) stands out, in which 43% of health problems were aggravated. In view of the results, it is recommended to carry out a prevention program for presenteeism and care focused on the health of nursing workers based on the analysis of working conditions.