Análise de marcadores fisiológicos de remodelagem óssea, força muscular, autonomia funcional, autoestima e autoimagem em idosos submetidos ao Taekwondo

Abstract

The world population increases significantly, degenerative processes of physical and cognitive function and health problems tend to increase concomitantly with aging and care for this population is necessary. It is important to emphasize that higher levels of physical activity are associated with a decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and have an impact on senescent aging. Among the different variations of physical activities, taekwondo and many other fighting sports have become popular in recent decades with a growing number of participants. Objective: This document refers to research through the application of different methodological actions. The first refers to carrying out a systematic review to analyze the effects of taekwondo on physical and mental health in the elderly. The second refers to a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of analyzing the effects of multicomponent physical training on the health of elderly women with osteoporosis. In the third action, a systematic review was developed to verify the effects of martial arts on physical variables in the elderly. In the fourth action, a systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to analyze the effects of combat sports on physical fitness for activities of daily living of elderly people undergoing combat sports: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. And finally, the fifth action, a randomized clinical trial was carried out to investigate the effects of taekwondo on physiological markers of bone remodeling, muscle strength, functional autonomy, self-esteem and self-image in elderly people submitted to 12 weeks of training. Methods: This is an experimental study designed for two groups that were evaluated pre and post intervention period. The sample consisted of elderly women inexperienced with the practice of taekwondo, residents of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes -RJ. Instruments for assessing self-esteem, self-image, anthropometric assessments, muscle strength tests, functional autonomy, blood samples from the experimental and control groups were applied for the analysis of physiological markers: alkaline phosphatase, vitamin B12, serum phosphorus, Vitamin D and PTH and the bone mineral density test. Then, the participants performed 12 weeks of specific intervention for each group and, finally, a new data collection of all study variables. Results: There was an improvement (p<0.05) in self-esteem in the intergroup and intragroup comparison. To assess muscle strength, the elbow flexion and sit and stand tests were used and showed increases (p<0.05) in muscle strength in the EG and in the intergroup comparison (post-test) in both tests. In the assessment of self-esteem, improvements (p<0.05) were found in the EG and CG in the intragroup and intergroup comparison, indicating increases in self-esteem. In functional autonomy, the GDLAM protocol was used, there was an increase (p<0.05) in EG in the intragroup evaluation. In the evaluation of bone biomarkers, differences (p<0.05) were found in all variables analyzed in the intragroup comparison (pre vs. post) in the EG. Conclusion: The results found in this experimental study support the effectiveness of taekwondo on physiological markers of bone remodeling, muscle strength, functional autonomy and self-image of the elderly.