O regime internacional do refúgio e suas práticas de proteção defasadas: O caso venezuelano e a Operação Acolhida

Abstract

The legal protection afforded by the international refugee regime is manifested, in contemporary times, in an outdated manner. This configuration, constrained by an international convention formulated in a specific context of the mid-20th century, permeates practices that do not protect a significant number of individuals in violent situations. This gap requires deeper analysis, which seeks to understand the behavior of the agents involved and unveil the practical, bureaucratic and political obstacles that constitute this present protection dynamic. In this way, the consecrated theoretical views of international regimes, guided by a liberal perspective, are questioned. Indeed, it is from a focus on the daily lives that form the refuge regime, governed by particular logics of that field, that this gap, between theory and practice, will be understood here. From looks of the practices perpetuated historically by the different agents and the way the field structures and is structured by the regime; it is argued that it is possible to better analyze the gap of these international protections and the exclusion mechanisms that are hidden under this discrepancy. Thus, the argument moves away from a liberal perspective, based on supposed rational choices, and proposes more comprehensive views. In this sense, this dissertation proposes an alternative epistemology, inspired by the social theory of International Political Sociology, mainly in the French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, for the analysis of international regimes. This argument is detailed in a case study, in which the recent Venezuelan migratory flow to Brazil and the creation of a Humanitarian Logistics Task Force, by the Brazilian authorities, called “Operação Acolhida”, are analyzed. The “efficient” practices of the agents involved in the Operation and their humanitarian reasons, which govern the logic of that specific field, are taken as necessary factors to interpret the way the regime operates and can be understood locally.