Contribuição ao estudo regulatório de nanomateriais na área ambiental

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a fascinating technology that is revolutionizing science and bringing countless benefits to the population. The economic side related to nanotechnology has grown in recent years, as have the lines of research. However, nanoparticles can be toxic when released into the environment and harmful to human health. In this work, a multifocal study was carried out with three distinct and complementary objectives: i) evaluation of Brazilian environmental agencies and researchers; ii) scientometric study; and iii) study of the treatment of nanomaterials in other countries. The main purpose was to contribute to a regulatory study for the area of ​​nanomaterials in Brazil. Regarding the first objective, it was found that the disposal of nanowaste is a subject that deserves to be worked on and harmonized, to be then disseminated to those who handle nanomaterials and regulate the disposal of waste. The scientometric study pointed out that the USA, China and countries that make up the EU lead the publication of scientific manuscripts in the regulatory area of ​​nanomaterials. It also showed a change in paradigms regarding these studies. From 2003 to 2011, the focus of the studies was on establishing laws and regulations. In the period from 2012 to 2020, the studies focused on the risk assessment of nanomaterials. As a result of the third objective, it was evidenced that the USA and countries that make up the EU already have defined regulations for nanotechnology, although they are not specific legislation for this topic, but the inclusion of these products in existing regulations applicable to chemical products. Based on these results, some actions were proposed that can be applied in the development of possible regulation in the country: i) the articulation of CONAMA with Regulatory Agencies and Environmental Agencies; ii) fostering research in risk analysis; iii) interface with the regulation for the labeling of nanotechnology products; and iv) international cooperation. We conclude that risk analysis and the establishment of sustainable and applicable policies for nanotechnology are essential for an ecologically balanced environment and the preservation of human health