Qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de centro de terapia intensiva adulto em tempos da COVID-19: riscos psicossociais

Abstract

This study has objected to the pandemic of COVID-19 as a psychosocial risk to the quality of life of nursing workers in an adult intensive care unit. Aims: to analyze nursing workers' quality of life in an adult intensive care unit using the WHOQOL-26; to describe adult intensive care unit nursing workers' satisfaction with their health considering the dimensions involved in the quality of life and to discuss the dimensions involved in quality of life when considering theimplications for the health of nursing workers in a nursing center adult intensive care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in an adult intensive care unit of a private hospital in the southeastern region of Brazil. The intentional sample was composed of 92 nursing professionals (nurses and technicians) using the following inclusion criteria: workers with at least six months of experience in caring for patients with COVID-19. Excluded were workers on vacation, sick leave, and other types of leave. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Data collection was carried out online through the Google Forms platform. Four instruments were used: a) characterization of the sociodemographic and occupational profile; b) Health conditions and COVID-19; c) Self-assessment of stress and COVID-19; d) World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-bref-26). Descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis. Results: the sample was composed of 92 workers, female (80.4%), black (61.9%), age range 35 to 44 (50%), married (76.1%), college degree (62%), and family income between 3 and 4 minimum wages (39.1%). They have worked in the sector for more than 5 years (54.4%), in shift work (91.3%), and work up to 40 hours a week (81.5%). They consider their QoLg good (47.8%) and are satisfied with their health (33.7%). Regarding the domains of QL it was observed that the most impaired was the environment due to dissatisfaction with income (84.8%), leisure (81.5%), and physical environment (77.8%). In the psychological domain, the presence of negative feelings was verified (76%). In the physical domain little and average energy for daily activities (79.3%) and dissatisfaction with sleep (56.5%). The least impaired domain was social relations, as most of them were satisfied. As for the stress resulting from the areas affected by the pandemic, we identified stress and a lot of stress related to transportation (71.7%), access to health services (69.6%), family income, and public safety (51%). Conclusion: even though a portion of the workers were satisfied with their QoLg and health, the analysis should consider the domains affected during the pandemic and factors such as having tested positive for COVID-19 (72.8%), having a family member with COVID-19 (94.6%), death of a family member by COVID-19 (21.7%) and the stress resulting from the areas affected by the pandemic. Health institutions and the State must invest in working conditions and quality of life to promote health due to the repercussions of the pandemic on the quality of life of workers.