Casa do índio: uma narrativa sobre o controle psicossocial de indígenas na ditadura empresarial militar

Abstract

The present work has as its research object the Casa do Índio, an institution created in 1968 by the Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai), located on Ilha do Governador, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with the purpose of welcoming indigenous people who sought treatment for health and had some type of mental disorder. The aforementioned House was the first of approximately forty institutions to welcome the Indians, organized during the period of the military dictatorship in Brazil, and later on, they were readapted as Houses of Support to Indigenous Health (Casais), through Ordinance nº 1.801/ 2015, becoming part of the Indigenous Health Care Subsystem organized under Law No. 9,836 of 1999. Currently, there are around 66 couples scattered throughout the Brazilian territory, and during the dictatorship more than 30 Casas do Índio were organized. The objective of the research is to analyze how the Casa do Índio, through the leadership of its founder, the Funai employee Eunice Cariry, constituted itself as a space of psychosocial control of indigenous people in the period of the business-military dictatorship. It is considered that the research on the Casa do Índio is configured in the field of Social Psychology, since the referred place reveals itself as a device where indigenous people, who were heading to the city, were sheltered, scrutinized, classified and captured in a plot of control. The Casa do Índio on Ilha do Governador is therefore also an important space for the history of psychology, since it was organized as a place to control the behavior of indigenous people who sought health care in the city during that period. The theoretical-methodological perspective of the present work is inserted in the field of historiography, more specifically of a local history, made through the history of the devices of psychosocial control of Indians. Especially through the methodological references of Michel de Certeau and Kurt Danziger, which allow considering the risks that prevent certain research objects, as well as pointing out the ways to understand about the formation of a local and counter-hegemonic history of psychology. The Casa do Índio has been a space ignored by official history as a place where a gray page of psi knowledge was written and is still alive, as it remains in full operation in a legal limbo between the National Indian Foundation (Funai), the Special for Indigenous Health (SESAI) and the founder of the House, Eunice Cariry, due to this question, the time frame of the research is the year 1968 when the institution was created until the unfolding of its transfer from Funai to SESAI through the Law . The research had as main sources the documents found both through the records in the press, using for this purpose the Brazilian Digital Newspaper, but it was also made use of the documents found in the Document Management Service of Funai ( Sedoc) in Brasília, which archives documents since the creation of Funai in 1976. Considering that Eunice Cariry was a key character in the creation of the institution, a visit was made to Casa do Índio to interview her and get to know the Casa. The analysis carried out on this space destined to the asylum of indigenous people allowed us to verify the history of psychology in the Casa do Índio and the history of the Casa do Índio in psychology,since the relationship between indigenous people and psychology has been drawn in broader contours than those presented by the reports. officers.