Marcas dêiticas como projeto de autoria em cartas pessoais de Graciliano Ramos

Abstract

The tradition of studies in the field of Letters¸ in Brazilian context, has privileged two distinct sides: on one of them, it can be found reflections related to language, to language studies; on the other, it can be found discussions related to literature, in its most varied manifestations. This area’s culture of studies has stablished itself by the polarization, as if they we not interchangeable, as if they were, sometimes, exclusionary. In fact, both of them have much to enrich when submitted to interdisciplinary contributions of theoretical and methodological nature from the two fields. It’s understood, therefore, that the literary study of text(s), under the magnifying glass of a linguistic approach, can significantly foster both linguistic and literary studies. In this research, it’s brought to linguistic discussion an object that shares the literary universe: personal letters from the Brazilian writer Graciliano Ramos (GR). It’s argued that the approximation of these two universes (linguistic and literary) can reveal significant and mutual gains, thanks to the looks undertaken in this investigation. That is why, the object is to investigate authorship marks from the use of deictics in personal letters of Graciliano Ramos. It’s started from the hypothesis that the authorship marks in the epistolary writings of this author are also realized from the typological and functional diversity of the deictic phenomenon, in line with well-defined purposes and the proposed communicative project. The corpus of this research is composed by excerpts extracted by 55 letters. It’s also noteworthy that, from these epistolary texts, only excerpts dealing with the author’s literary production were used, as well as his literary writing process, as a way of giving unit to the corpus constitution. This research is situated in studies that take text as an epistemological basis, in the context of Textual Linguistics, under the socio-cognitivist bias. The methodological approach of the study is qualitatively based and, considering the investigation object – personal letters – is based on the descriptive and interpretative research design. The theoretical-methodological framework about deixis takes studies from Bühler (1982 [1934]), Fillmore (1971), Lahud (1979), Fonseca (1989, 1996), Apothéloz (2003 [1995]), Cavalcante (2000, 2011), Ciulla (2002, 2008), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho and Brito (2014), Ciulla and Martins (2017) and Martins (2019). For issues related to authorship, it’s initially based on works of Possenti (2009a [2001], 2009b [2002]). Analyzes were carried out on two fronts: i) eight types of deixis investigation of functionalities in the corpus under study and their associations with authorship marks; ii) observance of the recurrence of linguistic/grammatical elements with deictic features, paying attention to their behavior in communicative projects and their contribution to the establishment of authorship evidence. The research has shown that the author’s Project of speech is constituted by a varied and unique operationalization regarding the uses of the deictic phenomenon, characterizing individualized styles of GR, in order to allow the association of these achievements with the authorship evidence, corroborating a communicative project marked by a discursiveness. It’s understood, therefore, that the author’s agency of deixis demonstrates linguistic and discursive awareness, paying attention to the intentions and to the proposed project of speech