Das sesmarias à Resex Guariba-Roosevelt: O modelo de titulação e ocupação das terras rurais na Amazônia Legal como causa de um futuro árido e da deficiente proteção de direitos humanos

Abstract

The conflicting relationship between man and nature is a fact of reality that has been present throughout history, being a historical fact that cannot be denied or excluded, regardless of ideology, academic or political current to which the observer is associated. Conservationists, preservationists or those protected from socio-environmentalism start from a single point: the relationship between human occupation and environmental preservation is always complex because there is no way to keep Nature untouched in the face of population expansion. Defining the best relational model between human development and environmental preservation is a challenge far superior to the ambitions of this work, which with more modest objectives intend to analyze the model of occupation of the natural space that concentrates the largest tropical forest and the largest hydrographic basin in the world (the Brazilian western Amazon), verifying how the model of colonization of this large expanse of land influences environmental protection and the preservation of traditionally occupied spaces, as well as assessing its effects on the confused land tenure system of the region. Through applied research, studying representative historical episodes of land, administrative, environmental, legislative and judicial conflict that characterize the occupation of the Amazonian territory, it is intended to investigate whether this model of territorial occupation has become a consolidated example of compliance with the norms of Human Rights, especially considering the jurisprudence of the International Courts on the right to collective ownership of land, the memory and the truth of the victims originating from the intense and routine rural conflicts that mark the occupation and exploitation of the Amazon.