As configurações do trabalho nas plataformas digitais de transporte: estudo sobre o modo de organização, gestão e controle do trabalho na Uber e 99 e na plataforma pública da Taxi.Rio Cidades

Abstract

The digital platform Taxi.Rio Cidades, developed by the Empresa Municipal de Informática (IplanRio) in 2017, was the first of urban mobility on the country held by the State dedicated to the cab activity. In this context, the current legal-sociological research proposes to investigate the differences between the Taxi.rio Cidades platform from others digital platforms of individual passenger transport, such as Uber and 99, regarding management, organization and control of its workforce. Therefore, this work aims to: i) map the digital platforms of Uber and 99, regarding the organizational model of work; ii) map the public platform of Taxi.rio Cidades based on the same parameters of analysis; iii) compare the way of work that is developed in the two chosen platform models. The methodology used in this study involves the exploratory method, based on a bibliographic review and on a survey of primary and secondary data, about the management, organization and control framework of labor on the three platforms mentioned above. As primary data, we use the information provided on the websites of those platforms, as well as the terms of use and the "conduct guides"/"community codes". Secondary data was obtained from researches developed in the area, from lawsuits and from public civil actions filed by the Public Labour Prosecution Office. The analysis uses as parameters: i) how drivers are recruited and hired; ii) how races are accessed and what is the distribution criteria; iii) what is the average workload per driver; iv) how work is priced and what is the average remuneration of drivers; v) what are the conditions that can lead to punishment, blocking or even exclusion from the platform. The examination of the different urban mobility platforms framework allows us to contribute to the debate on the uses given to technologies for the organization of work. Technology, as a product of human, should not be use as an excuse for withdrawal of social and fundamental rights. It use need to be oriented in such a way as to contribute to construct of a result that aligns the economic growth with the social development.