A incidência da cosmovisão indígena na política externa de meio ambiente boliviana: a internacionalização dos direitos da Mãe Terra durante os dois primeiros mandatos de Evo Morales (2006-2015)

Abstract

Evo Morales' foreign policy was formulated with the principles of the indigenous philosophy of Vivir Bien as a foundation. The external environmental agenda is closely linked to Vivir Bien, while Bolivian action in the international system has been configured in the defense of Mother Earth. The present dissertation sought to understand how the incidence of the indigenous cosmovision occurred in the Bolivian foreign environmental policy, with regard to the internationalization of the rights of Mother Earth, during the first two governments of Evo Morales (2006-1015). To arrive at this answer, an exploratory qualitative research was carried out, comparing official documents of the State - the Law of the Rights of Mother Earth, the Marco Law of Mother Earth and Integral Development for Vivir Bien and the annual operations plans of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - and sources from the organizations that make up the Pact of Unidad – coalition group of indigenous entities -. Based on the assumption that foreign policy is a public policy, it was found that the formulation of the environment agenda was centered on the executive, and it was not possible to identify in fact the participation of indigenous organizations in the decision-making process of foreign policy. When analyzing the documents, it was identified that the defense of Mother Earth was an important topic for foreign policy, but it was not based on the indigenous movement as a whole. There was a split in the indigenous movement, whose main reason for differences was the identity of the organizations and the way they saw the territory. It is because of these differences that some entities were co-opted by the Morales administration and others were not. Therefore, the incidence occurs, but through a centralizing path of the Evo Morales government.