Estudo do óleo essencial de Piper anisum (Spreg.) Angely da Mata Atlântica e avaliação do potencial moluscicida contra caramujos da espécie Biomphalaria glabrata.

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the 25 hotspots of the world, being too important to increase the knowledge about it in order to guarantee better preservation conditions and the study of the Piperaceae family contributes with the assumption. In the genus Piper L. it is very common to find substances from the shikimate biosynthetic pathway, such as phenylpropanoids, described in the literature as efficient molluscicides. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the chemical composition of the EO produced by Piper anisum (Spreg.) Angely and to evaluate its molluscicidal potential against snails of the species Biomphalaria glabrata. The chemical substances of the EOs were identified by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography coupled to Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) allowing analysis of variance between the compositions of each season. For spring EOs, the propanoid 1-butyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene (BMB) (51.34%) and the monoterpene 1,8-cineole (17.64%) were recorded; in summer, the BMB (99.12%); in the fall 55.67% BMB and 13.13% 1-propyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzenes were recorded; in winter, 96.86% of BMB were found. The spring EO showed less activity, because at the concentration of 100μg/mL it led to 30% death, while in the others, 100%. The winter and summer EOs were more active due to the high BMB content (20μg/mL = 60% and 60μg/mL = 80% death, respectively). And isolated BMB at 38μg/mL led to 70% death. This work contributed to demonstrate the molluscicidal activity linked to the substance BMB present in the species, besides demonstrating the chemical variability existing in the botanical materials collected in different seasons of the year, corroborating with more chemical data about the species to the literature, and conjecture about the structure-activity relationship of the components present in the EO.